Modified View of Energy Budget Diagram and Its Application to the Kuroshio Extension Region

Abstract The nonlocality of eddy–mean flow interactions, which appears explicitly in the modified Lorentz diagram as a form interaction energy, and its link to other estimation methods are revisited, new formulation for potential enstrophy is proposed. application these Kuroshio Extension region suggests that combined use energy analysis with methods, including diagram, provides more comprehensive understandings interactions limited region. It shown transported from nearshore upstream regions downstream flux, causing acceleration jet indicates eddy field decelerates (accelerates) (downstream) region, consistent result analysis. turns out flux radiated kinetic maximum toward opposite direction flux. originated this also convergences near center northern recirculation gyre tends stabilize structures gyre. Together accelerates northeastern part through local present analyses support arguments on eddy-driven